You want to understand how laptop data recovery happens? Ok, you must first understand what happens when a data file is deleted. Does a file become completely wiped out of the notebook once it's deleted? No. Once deleted a file just changes addresses and goes in to the trash. So When takes place the real deletion? It takes places when it's deleted from the recycle. Well now what happens to the file?
The file is still right there inside the laptop, hiding in the hard disk. The Operating System knows what file is stored where, then when you delete a file the Operating System, just removes the file from its list without removing it from the disk drive. The MFT (Master File Table) and FAT (File Allocation Table) are likes table of contents in a book, which actually maintain the real table of all files stored on the hard disk. That means that the only care one has to take when data is lost is to avoid any writing operation to the hard disk, cause this might really erase the data by over writing it. At this point all you have to do is to use a good file recovery software, you have to pay for most of them, and some are free.
Prevention :
The best solution is to make regularly backup of your disk drive. Data loss may occur due to human mistakes, but my findings indicate 56% of lost data are a result of hardware problems. So a good idea is to regularly run computer diagnostics utilities this can help you determine if the hard disk has a potential problem or not
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